Long-term cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury associated with microglia activation

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most prevalent of all head injuries. Microglia play an essential role in homeostasis and diseases central nervous system. We hypothesize that microglia may a beneficial or detrimental TBI depending on their state activation duration. In this study, we evaluated whether results spatiotemporal change phenotype it affects sensory-motor learning memory functions male C57BL/6 mice. used panel neurological behavioral tests multi-color flow cytometry-based data analysis followed by unsupervised clustering to evaluate isolated from injured brain tissue. characterized several microglial phenotypes association with cognitive deficits. increase activated correlated negatively spatial at 35 days post-injury. These observations could define therapeutic windows accelerate translational research improve patient outcomes. • injury induces long-term deficits CNS infiltration macrophages. After injury, frequency increases intensity. Activated found brains correlate positively deficit post injury.